Computer vision differs from human vision in that humans perceive the world more holistically and understand visual cues based on experience and context, whereas computers use quantitative forms of image representation. Instead of recognizing things based on mental processes, machines use algorithmic and pattern recognition techniques based on pixel-based image representation.
Thus, compared to humans, computers also have difficulty identifying objects with different illuminations and directions, unless they are highly trained with varied databases. Just as humans estimate depth and motion based on vision and general knowledge, computer programs need specific methods such as optical flow detection, edge detection or machine learning algorithms to deduce similar information.
The power of computer vision to capture motion and analyze visual information has a profound effect on interactive art. Artists can take advantage of these technologies and use them to create installations that respond dynamically to the viewer’s movements, gestures, or even facial expressions and create immersive, interactive experiences. However, these technologies can also raise ethical issues, related to privacy and surveillance if we talk about the use of facial recognition and motion detection in interactive artworks. Consequently, artists working with computer vision must carefully weigh their creative possibilities with the ethical implications linked to surveillance culture.