Week 8 Assignment – Introduction to Interactive Media

Ultrasonic Distance-Based LED Switch

Concept: This project uses an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and an Arduino to activate an LED when an object is within 10 cm. This distance-based switch can serve as a touchless light control.

Materials
– Arduino Uno
– HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
– LED
– 220Ω Resistor
– Breadboard and Jumper Wires

Process:
1. Setup: The ultrasonic sensor’s Trig and Echo pins connect to Digital Pins 12 and 13 on the Arduino, while the LED is connected to Digital Pin 2 with a resistor.
2. Code: The Arduino reads the distance from the sensor. If within 10 cm, it lights the LED; otherwise, it turns off.
3. Testing: The LED successfully turns on when an object is close, providing feedback on proximity.

CODE:

const int echo = 13; // Echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor

const int trig = 12; // Trigger pin of the ultrasonic sensor

int LED = 2; // LED pin

int duration = 0; // Variable to store pulse duration

int distance = 0; // Variable to store calculated distance

void setup() {

pinMode(trig, OUTPUT); // Set trig pin as output

pinMode(echo, INPUT); // Set echo pin as input

pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // Set LED pin as output

Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial monitor for debugging

}

void loop() {

// Send out a 10 microsecond pulse on the trig pin

digitalWrite(trig, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trig, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trig, LOW);

// Read the echo pin and calculate distance

duration = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);

distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1; // Convert duration to distance in cm

// Turn on the LED if the distance is less than 10 cm

if (distance < 10 && distance > 0) { // Check distance within range

digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // Turn on LED

} else {

digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // Turn off LED

}

// Print distance to the serial monitor for debugging

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.println(" cm");

delay(500); // Delay for stability

}

const int echo = 13; // Echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor const int trig = 12; // Trigger pin of the ultrasonic sensor int LED = 2; // LED pin int duration = 0; // Variable to store pulse duration int distance = 0; // Variable to store calculated distance void setup() { pinMode(trig, OUTPUT); // Set trig pin as output pinMode(echo, INPUT); // Set echo pin as input pinMode(LED, OUTPUT); // Set LED pin as output Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial monitor for debugging } void loop() { // Send out a 10 microsecond pulse on the trig pin digitalWrite(trig, LOW); delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(trig, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(trig, LOW); // Read the echo pin and calculate distance duration = pulseIn(echo, HIGH); distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1; // Convert duration to distance in cm // Turn on the LED if the distance is less than 10 cm if (distance < 10 && distance > 0) { // Check distance within range digitalWrite(LED, HIGH); // Turn on LED } else { digitalWrite(LED, LOW); // Turn off LED } // Print distance to the serial monitor for debugging Serial.print("Distance: "); Serial.print(distance); Serial.println(" cm"); delay(500); // Delay for stability }

const int echo = 13;     // Echo pin of the ultrasonic sensor
const int trig = 12;     // Trigger pin of the ultrasonic sensor
int LED = 2;             // LED pin

int duration = 0;        // Variable to store pulse duration
int distance = 0;        // Variable to store calculated distance

void setup() {
  pinMode(trig, OUTPUT);    // Set trig pin as output
  pinMode(echo, INPUT);     // Set echo pin as input
  pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);     // Set LED pin as output
  Serial.begin(9600);       // Initialize serial monitor for debugging
}

void loop() {
  // Send out a 10 microsecond pulse on the trig pin
  digitalWrite(trig, LOW);
  delayMicroseconds(2);
  digitalWrite(trig, HIGH);
  delayMicroseconds(10);
  digitalWrite(trig, LOW);

  // Read the echo pin and calculate distance
  duration = pulseIn(echo, HIGH);
  distance = (duration / 2) / 29.1;  // Convert duration to distance in cm

  // Turn on the LED if the distance is less than 10 cm
  if (distance < 10 && distance > 0) {  // Check distance within range
    digitalWrite(LED, HIGH);  // Turn on LED
  } else {
    digitalWrite(LED, LOW);   // Turn off LED
  }

  // Print distance to the serial monitor for debugging
  Serial.print("Distance: ");
  Serial.print(distance);
  Serial.println(" cm");

  delay(500);  // Delay for stability
}

VIDEO DEMONSTRATION

Reflection: This project demonstrates basic sensor integration and is adaptable for touchless applications in home automation.

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