Digital and Analog

Concept:

So I was thinking of how I could make something creative enough to pass this assignment vibes check so I thought of photocell ( which is digital) and a Tactile push button ( which is analog ) to light up my cute little car,

You know how it is when you’re driving in the dark – you need those headlights on, and when you want to change lanes, you’ve gotta give a signal. That’s exactly what I wanted to mimic.

So, when it gets dark, my little car’s headlights kick in with the help of two LEDs, and if I want to switch lanes, I just press that button, and the LEDs start blinking to signal my lane change. Cool, right.

Materials I used:
  1. Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
  2. 2 LEDs (green)
  3. 2 x 220-ohm resistors (for current limiting)
  4. Tactile push-button switch
  5. Photocell (Light-dependent resistor, LDR)
  6. 10k-ohm resistor (for voltage divider)
  7. Breadboard and jumper wires
Video:

Connectivity:

if its not THAT clear from the pic:

  • I connected a jumper wire from the ground (GND) rail on the breadboard to the GND (ground) pin on the Arduino.
  • I then connected a jumper wire from the 5V rail on the breadboard to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
  • I then connect another jumper wire from the 5V rail on the breadboard to the row where the side of the photocell connected to 5V is placed.
  • Finally I used a jumper wire to connect the other side of the photocell to the same row as the 10k-ohm resistor’s other end.
Code:
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const int led1Pin = 8; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the first LED.
const int led2Pin = 9; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the second LED.
const int buttonPin = 2; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the tactile button.
const int photocellPin = A0; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the photocell sensor.
int led1State = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the first LED as LOW.
int led2State = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the second LED as LOW.
int buttonState = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the tactile button as LOW.
int lastButtonState = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the previous state of the button as LOW.
int lightValue = 0; // Initialize an integer variable to store the light reading from the photocell.
int threshold = 500; // Set a threshold value for the light reading. You can adjust this value based on your environment.
void setup() {
pinMode(led1Pin, OUTPUT); // Set the pin of the first LED as an OUTPUT.
pinMode(led2Pin, OUTPUT); // Set the pin of the second LED as an OUTPUT.
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the pin of the tactile button as an INPUT with internal pull-up resistor.
pinMode(photocellPin, INPUT); // Set the pin of the photocell sensor as an INPUT.
}
void loop() {
lightValue = analogRead(photocellPin); // Read the analog value from the photocell sensor.
// Check the photocell value to determine whether it's dark or light.
if (lightValue < threshold) {
// It's dark, turn both LEDs on.
digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the first LED.
digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the second LED.
} else {
// It's light, turn both LEDs off.
digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW); // Turn off the first LED.
digitalWrite(led2Pin, LOW); // Turn off the second LED.
}
buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // Read the state of the tactile button.
if (buttonState != lastButtonState) {
if (buttonState == LOW) {
// Button pressed, toggle LED states based on previous states.
if (led1State == LOW && led2State == LOW) {
led1State = HIGH;
} else if (led1State == HIGH && led2State == LOW) {
led2State = HIGH;
led1State = LOW;
} else {
led2State = LOW;
}
digitalWrite(led1Pin, led1State); // Set the state of the first LED.
digitalWrite(led2Pin, led2State); // Set the state of the second LED.
}
delay(50); // Introduce a debounce delay to prevent rapid button presses.
}
lastButtonState = buttonState; // Store the current button state for comparison in the next loop iteration.
}
const int led1Pin = 8; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the first LED. const int led2Pin = 9; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the second LED. const int buttonPin = 2; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the tactile button. const int photocellPin = A0; // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the photocell sensor. int led1State = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the first LED as LOW. int led2State = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the second LED as LOW. int buttonState = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the tactile button as LOW. int lastButtonState = LOW; // Initialize an integer variable to store the previous state of the button as LOW. int lightValue = 0; // Initialize an integer variable to store the light reading from the photocell. int threshold = 500; // Set a threshold value for the light reading. You can adjust this value based on your environment. void setup() { pinMode(led1Pin, OUTPUT); // Set the pin of the first LED as an OUTPUT. pinMode(led2Pin, OUTPUT); // Set the pin of the second LED as an OUTPUT. pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the pin of the tactile button as an INPUT with internal pull-up resistor. pinMode(photocellPin, INPUT); // Set the pin of the photocell sensor as an INPUT. } void loop() { lightValue = analogRead(photocellPin); // Read the analog value from the photocell sensor. // Check the photocell value to determine whether it's dark or light. if (lightValue < threshold) { // It's dark, turn both LEDs on. digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the first LED. digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the second LED. } else { // It's light, turn both LEDs off. digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW); // Turn off the first LED. digitalWrite(led2Pin, LOW); // Turn off the second LED. } buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // Read the state of the tactile button. if (buttonState != lastButtonState) { if (buttonState == LOW) { // Button pressed, toggle LED states based on previous states. if (led1State == LOW && led2State == LOW) { led1State = HIGH; } else if (led1State == HIGH && led2State == LOW) { led2State = HIGH; led1State = LOW; } else { led2State = LOW; } digitalWrite(led1Pin, led1State); // Set the state of the first LED. digitalWrite(led2Pin, led2State); // Set the state of the second LED. } delay(50); // Introduce a debounce delay to prevent rapid button presses. } lastButtonState = buttonState; // Store the current button state for comparison in the next loop iteration. }
const int led1Pin = 8;           // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the first LED.
const int led2Pin = 9;           // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the second LED.
const int buttonPin = 2;         // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the tactile button.
const int photocellPin = A0;     // Define a constant integer variable for the pin of the photocell sensor.

int led1State = LOW;              // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the first LED as LOW.
int led2State = LOW;              // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the second LED as LOW.
int buttonState = LOW;            // Initialize an integer variable to store the state of the tactile button as LOW.
int lastButtonState = LOW;        // Initialize an integer variable to store the previous state of the button as LOW.
int lightValue = 0;               // Initialize an integer variable to store the light reading from the photocell.
int threshold = 500;              // Set a threshold value for the light reading. You can adjust this value based on your environment.

void setup() {
  pinMode(led1Pin, OUTPUT);        // Set the pin of the first LED as an OUTPUT.
  pinMode(led2Pin, OUTPUT);        // Set the pin of the second LED as an OUTPUT.
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the pin of the tactile button as an INPUT with internal pull-up resistor.
  pinMode(photocellPin, INPUT);    // Set the pin of the photocell sensor as an INPUT.
}

void loop() {
  lightValue = analogRead(photocellPin); // Read the analog value from the photocell sensor.

  // Check the photocell value to determine whether it's dark or light.
  if (lightValue < threshold) {
    // It's dark, turn both LEDs on.
    digitalWrite(led1Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the first LED.
    digitalWrite(led2Pin, HIGH); // Turn on the second LED.
  } else {
    // It's light, turn both LEDs off.
    digitalWrite(led1Pin, LOW);  // Turn off the first LED.
    digitalWrite(led2Pin, LOW);  // Turn off the second LED.
  }

  buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // Read the state of the tactile button.

  if (buttonState != lastButtonState) {
    if (buttonState == LOW) {
      // Button pressed, toggle LED states based on previous states.
      if (led1State == LOW && led2State == LOW) {
        led1State = HIGH;
      } else if (led1State == HIGH && led2State == LOW) {
        led2State = HIGH;
        led1State = LOW;
      } else {
        led2State = LOW;
      }

      digitalWrite(led1Pin, led1State); // Set the state of the first LED.
      digitalWrite(led2Pin, led2State); // Set the state of the second LED.
    }
    delay(50); // Introduce a debounce delay to prevent rapid button presses.
  }
  lastButtonState = buttonState; // Store the current button state for comparison in the next loop iteration.
}

 

reflection:

This might not have been a supper Idea, However I faced a little creativity block this week that took me a hard time to set a side

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