Concept

For my final project, I made a radio that changes FM channels according to what value range you turn the potentiometer dial to. I inputted song files that play according to their designated serial monitor value and an array of different songs for each channel.

This includes:

• 51-240 (Hip Hop), which is designated the variable RED on p5
• 241-429 (History), variable YELLOW on p5
• 430-619 (Classic Rock), variable GREEN on p5
• 620-814 (Classical), variable TEAL on p5
• 815-1023 (Khaleeji), variable BLUE on p5

For 0-50 Radio is switched off (variable OFF on p5)

Implementation and Interaction

So, whenever you turn the dial to 267, for example, an audio file from the History channel will start to play, and the yellow LED will simultaneously light up to indicate the change in channels.

The interactive element comes from you turning the dial to change the channel, and being able to control the output according to what value you stop on.

Arduino Code

int potPin = A5; // potentiometer
int bluePin = 2;
int tealPin = 3;
int greenPin = 4;
int yellowPin = 5;
int redPin = 6;
int currentColor = 0; // current color
int OFF = 0;
int RED = 6;
int YELLOW = 5;
int GREEN = 4;
int TEAL = 3;
int BLUE = 2;

void setup() {
  pinMode (potPin, INPUT);
  pinMode (bluePin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode (tealPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode (greenPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode (yellowPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode (redPin, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin (9600); // serial monitor count
}

void loop() {

  // x == y (x is equal to y)
  // x != y (x is not equal to y)
  // x <  y (x is less than y)
  // x >  y (x is greater than y)
  // x <= y (x is less than or equal to y)
  // x >= y (x is greater than or equal to y)

  delay(100);
  int potMeasure = analogRead (A5);
  int mappedPot = map(potMeasure, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.println(currentColor);

  if ((potMeasure > 0) && (potMeasure <= 50)) {
    currentColor = 0; 
    digitalWrite (redPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (bluePin, LOW);
    int OFF = 0;
  }
  else if ((potMeasure > 50) && (potMeasure <= 240)) {
    currentColor = 6;
    digitalWrite (redPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (bluePin, LOW);
    int RED = 1;
  }
  else if ((potMeasure > 240) && (potMeasure < 430)) {
    currentColor = 5;
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite (redPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (bluePin, LOW);
    int YELLOW = 2;
  }
  else if ((potMeasure >= 430) && (potMeasure < 620)) {
    currentColor = 4;
    digitalWrite (greenPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite (redPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (bluePin, LOW);
    int GREEN = 3;
  }
  else if ((potMeasure >= 620) && (potMeasure < 815)) {
    currentColor = 3;
    digitalWrite (tealPin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite (redPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (bluePin, LOW);
    int TEAL = 4;
  }

  else if ((potMeasure >= 815) && (potMeasure <= 1023)) {
    currentColor = 2;
    digitalWrite (bluePin, HIGH);
    digitalWrite (redPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW);
    digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW);
    int BLUE = 5;
  }
}

For my Arduino code, I essentially made it so that whenever the integer potMeasure (potentiometer value) is between a range of values, it would trigger the designated pin to light up.

For example, this segment of code here shows that whenever the potMeasure value is between or equivalent to 817 and 1023, all other pins but the bluePin are on LOW (to indicate them being switched off), and the bluePin is on HIGH (to indicate it being switched on). Each colored pin stands for each colored LED on the board.

else if ((potMeasure >= 817) && (potMeasure <= 1023)) { 
currentColor = 2; 
digitalWrite (bluePin, HIGH); 
digitalWrite (redPin, LOW); 
digitalWrite (yellowPin, LOW); 
digitalWrite (greenPin, LOW); 
digitalWrite (tealPin, LOW); 
int BLUE = 5; 
}

The currentColor integer encompasses each of the potMeasure ranges for each LED to light up, hence why if the serial monitor is between or equivalent to 815 and 1023, the value 2 would pop up as it is the designated value for the blue LED.

int potMeasure = analogRead (A5); 
int mappedPot = map(potMeasure, 0, 1023, 0, 255); 
Serial.println(currentColor);

p5 Code

For p5, I first uploaded all the audio files for each channel to function preload and designated each channel an array of audio files that p5 can randomly choose from.

soundFormats("mp3");
 // BLUE (KHALEEJI)
blueSong1 = loadSound ("MEHAD.mp3");
blueSong2 = loadSound ("UMY KM AHWAHA.mp3")
blueSounds = [blueSong1, blueSong2] // etc

I then designated a new variable called oldData in function draw, which holds the previous value of inData (serial monitor value/ potMeasure on Arduino).  This was done so that whenever the user changes the channel, p5 would stop the song from playing so as to not interrupt the next song.

// oldData holds the *previous* value of inData

// if user changes station, p5 checks that oldData has changed into inData
// then prints the change
if (inData != oldData) {
  // The station changed
   console.log("changed from " + oldData + " to " + inData);
  
  // stops all songs if inData (new station value) is not equal to oldData (old station value)
  redSong1.stop();
  redSong2.stop();
  yellowSong1.stop();
  yellowSong2.stop();
  greenSong1.stop();
  tealSong1.stop();
  blueSong1.stop();
  blueSong2.stop();

I then created an if statement for each inData value (BLUE in this context is the Khaleeji channel. Within each statement, there would be a new variable initializing the random selection of songs from the designated array, which it would then play.

if (inData == BLUE){
  khaleejiChannel = random(blueSounds)
  khaleejiChannel.play()
}

I then added more if statements further below within function draw, which consisted of the font and text to be displayed on the screen every time a channel is changed.

else if (inData == BLUE) { // KHALEEJI
    
    // CHANNEL NAME TEXT
    noStroke();
    fill (128,172,57); // text color
    textFont(radioFont, 45); // (font name, font size)
    text("KHALEEJI", 178, 148); // (text, x, y)
    glow(color(128,172,57), 19); // (color, intensity) calls glow function
    
  }

The glow variable refers to the glow function further below, which makes the text look like it’s lit up.

Audiovisual Communication between Arduino and p5

Arduino and p5 input:

• Potentiometer values

Arduino output (visual):

• LEDs lighting up

p5 output (audio):

• Songs being played

p5 Screen Design

Arduino Board

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Video Demonstration

Click here to watch video demonstration

Highlights

• I’m proud of the fact that I was able to make an array for each channel without the program lagging.
• Figuring out the C++ coding for Arduino was challenging, but now I understand it enough to be able to modify it to include any last-minute changes.
• The p5 screen design (which I made on procreate).
• The glow function, which I was able to apply using this video tutorial:

Click here

Improvement

• Some other visual demonstration that indicates what channel you’re on. I would have liked for the background to possibly show the sound waves of the song playing and in the color of the designated channel.
• I also wanted to do something more for the physical presentation of the Arduino board, though I was able to customize it just a little using some card paper.

Process

I finally connected Arduino to my game and before setting up the jumping board, I tried checking whether the force resistor works and if so, how it works.  I searched on the internet how to connect the force resistor sensor to Arduino and get the data.

Schematic

I followed this schematic to hook up the resistor:

Arduino code:

int fsrPin = 0;     // the FSR and 10K pulldown are connected to a0
int fsrReading;     // the analog reading from the FSR resistor divider
 
void setup(void) {
  Serial.begin(9600);   
}
 
void loop(void) {
  fsrReading = analogRead(fsrPin);  
 
  Serial.print("Analog reading = ");
  Serial.print(fsrReading); 
}

Next steps:

• Work on the jumpability of the game
• Set up the jumping area->work on the sensitivity of the sensors
• Fix the bugs with lives

Concept

Choosing to take Intro to IM as my first coding experience was akin to taking a giant leap for me. Yet I am surprised how bit by bit this class cleared so many concepts and provided me with the hands-on experience I needed in coding platforms. For my final project, as promised and discussed in previous posts, I tried to create a painting/drawing platform by connecting P5js to Arduino. Interactive Media in itself is a form of creative expression and I wanted this project to be a platform for a digital form of artistic expression. This attempt at coding as etch-a-sketch is an ode to that childish playfulness that often gets subdued as we grow up.

Arduino setup-

Revised console-setup-

Implementation

The project mainly includes two potentiometers and a switch. The values sent from the first potentiometer map the vertical movement of the ellipse that is drawn based on its R-value (RGB color). It moves the ellipse up and down. Similarly, the movement of the second potentiometer maps the horizontal value of the ellipse and makes it go left and right. The way in which the first potentiometer controls the r-value, the second potentiometer also adjusts the alpha value of the ellipse that is drawn. when both the potentiometers are moved together, the user is able to draw curved lines as well. The third main component is the switch which when pressed clears the canvas for a new sketch to be drawn.

The p5.js component is crucial to the functioning of the program since it handles everything from sending data to the Arduino to displaying the design that is drawn in the most effective way. Three functions are primarily added in the p5js code. They include draw, readSerial, and frame. The draw function is where the ellipse is drawn and moved along the canvas. The readSerial function establishes the serial connection between the Arduino port and the p5js sketch when the space bar is pressed by the user within the canvas based on bilateral handshaking. After pressing the space bar, the port selection dialog box pop-ups from which the suitable port is selected. A global variable called the “buttonState” is defined at the beginning of the code that clears the canvas every time the digital switch is pressed or in other words when its state changes from 0 to 1.

Finally, the frame function deals with the aesthetics of the project. It draws the authentic etch-a-sketch style background to make the screen look more inviting. I have also looped a whimsical song that plays in the background every time the serial connection is established and as long as the program is running.

The Arduino side mainly executes the commands that are sent by the p5js sketch. The analog sensors (potentiometers) are read and then their values are printed similarly through the addition of a local variable within the loop function, the digital values being sent from the switch are read. The pin mode has been added in the setup as the input. The other digital and analog values are added and read in the loop function.

Arduino Code

// Inputs:
// - A0 - first potentiomemter 
// - A1 - second potentiomemter
// - 2  - switch 


void setup() {
  // Serial communication is started to send the data
  Serial.begin(9600);

   pinMode(2, INPUT); 


  // bidirectional communication starts
  while (Serial.available() <= 0) {
    Serial.println("0,0"); // send a starting message
  }
}

void loop() {
  // waits to receive data from p5js first and then starts executing
  while (Serial.available()) {

    int left = Serial.parseInt();
    int right = Serial.parseInt();
    if (Serial.read() == '\n') {
      int sensor = analogRead(A0);
      delay(5);
      int sensor2 = analogRead(A1);
      delay(5);
      int button = digitalRead(2);
      delay (5);

      Serial.print(sensor);
      Serial.print(',');
      Serial.print(sensor2);
      Serial.print(',');
      Serial.println(button);
    }
  }
}

P5js sketch and Code

Components I am Proud of

Overall, I am quite pleased with my humble outcome as it performs its bilateral communication functions quite smoothly. I am particularly proud of how the addition of mapping the alpha values of the ellipses that are being drawn on the screen gives a special “sketchy” effect to the project. Moreover, as we toggle the speed of the potentiometers the density of the stroke changes which is quite similar to the manner in which strokes that are drawn by a sketch pen change with varying pressure.

A few Sketches and user interaction-

Blind Contouring a portrait-

Plotting the map of India-

User interaction-

 

Future Improvements

I would have loved to add another switch in the project that allowed the user to change the color of the stroke from black to another color. But through my best possible attempts in the given time frame, I was able to add a switch that changes the color of the stroke when it is being continuously pressed. This beat its practical purpose though since the user would have to use both of his hands to toggle the potentiometers and at the same time keep pressing the switch.

So, here it is! After fixing hundreds of errors and spending countless man hours, we finally have our project– DJ Falcon!

DJ Falcon:

Using Arduino and p5js, we created DJ Falcon, an audio mixer set that modifies tracks and makes everyone jam to the tunes. The mixer also has a visualizer whose waves sync with the audio being played.

The user is welcomed with this screen:

You can then choose a song from the list to mix:

Then you rotate the knobs on the mixer to shake things up!

The Process:

There are two parts to this code – the p5js part and the Arduino part.

Components Used:

Arduino UNO board

Breadboard

Rotary Potentiometers (2)

Push down Switch (1)

Resistors

Jumper Wires

Apps and Online Services:

 Arduino IDE  p5js

The Process:

We started the project by drawing out everything first in a notebook. Here’s the very first (very rough) sketch of our idea:

I decided to work on the interface for the mixer and took care of the code and fixing the issues that came up, while QM was going to put together the circuit and the hardware. After setting up the basic circuit on the breadboard and building a very basic interface with buttons on p5js, we had to connect the both.

We then incorporated the p5js sound library in our p5 code. We used the built in reverb, delay, frequency functions and tested those out together by uploading an mp3 file on p5js. It was all working fine. We had to then figure out how to take values from the potentiometer, map them, and use them as arguments for the sound functions.

But before that, we had to write code for reading the values from the pin. QM got to writing the code for the Arduino IDE while Daniel got to figuring out how to take those inputs in p5js. This is where we hit our first roadblock. We just could not figure out the correct p5js library for serial communication and also couldn’t figure out how to separate the values we got from the potentiometer and store them in variables. With a little help from Professor Ang, we finally figured out the right library and used a list to store our values from where we used split() and trim() function to separate the values from each input. This is the bit of code that helped us do it:

function serialEvent() {
if (serial.available() > 0) {
serialData = serial.readLine();
if (serialData) {
// false if serialData == null
console.log(serialData);
serialData = trim(serialData); // remove trailing whitespace
serialValues = split(serialData, ","); // split the string to array
console.log("serialValues ", serialValues);
rev_value = Number(serialValues[0]);
console.log("Rev: " + rev_value);
rate_value = Number(serialValues[1]);
console.log("Rate: " + rate_value);
play_value = Number(serialValues[2]);
console.log("Play/pause: " + play_value);
standby_value = Number(serialValues[3]);
console.log("Standby: " + standby_value);
rev_mapped = map(rev_value, 0, 1023, 0, 100);
rate_mapped = map(rate_value, 0, 1023, 0, 200);
console.log("rev mapped: " + rev_mapped);
console.log("rate mapped: " + rate_mapped);
}
}
}

It’s also worth mentioning that some of the code for the serial connection were reusable code snippets written by Professor Sherwood and Ang from class examples.

This is how our board looked:

Once we connected the Arduino board and had the serial connection going, it was now time to map the values to fit into the arguments. I had a pretty solid grip on the ranges for the different music functions like the dryness and wetness of reverb, due to being a music major, and had a good understanding of how our random values would translate to what we hear (QM also ended up learning a fair bit about music at this point from Daniel).

But even then, it wasn’t smooth sailing. Although we had an understanding of the values, p5 was playing its sly tricks with us with the inner working (or should I say, inner loopings!) of the draw() function causing a haphazard in the music where multiple tracks were playing by overlapping each other and it sounded more like a cacophony than a vibey night at a club.

One evening, after working for more than 5 hours continuously trying to solve these, we decided to call it a night and come back the next day.

Maybe sleeping on the bugs helped, because the next day, after the both of us worked simultaneously on our own laptops trying to fix the bugs, QM had a slight hint of a breakthrough when one of the buttons successfully paused the music without looping. Still it wouldn’t make it play again.

But then…(drumrolls) a moment of genius from Daniel and some tweaking of the code and suddenly everything worked! Words fail to describe how victorious we felt at that moment:

Now it was time to put everything together. QM, with a noob-level experience in soldering decided to solder the board together and Daniel would give a finishing touch to the interface, incorporating a dope background, cool fonts and a cleaner look. Here’s some of that scrappy soldering work:

And here’s Daniel’s work on the interface:

We were both happy with the font and the look of the mixer and the DJ Falcon mixer was ready.

The Schematic:

Code: Arduino IDE

const int switchPin1 = 2;
const int switchPin2 = 3;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(switchPin1, INPUT); // initialize serial communications
pinMode(switchPin2, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
// read the input pin:
int pot = analogRead(A0);
int mappedPot = map(pot, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
Serial.print(pot);
Serial.print(",");
int potRev = analogRead(A1);
int mappedtest = map(potRev, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
Serial.print(potRev);
Serial.print(",");
int button1 = digitalRead(switchPin1);
int button2 = digitalRead(switchPin2);
Serial.print(button1);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.println(button2);
delay(1);
delay(100);
}

Code for p5js:

Improvements:

We had more ambitious ideas in mind like using the delay() feature and a standby button but those were causing bugs due to the draw() function of p5js, but we’re sure these can be implemented in the future.

So, here it is! After fixing hundreds of errors and spending countless man hours, we finally have our project– DJ Falcon!

DJ Falcon:

Using Arduino and p5js, we created DJ Falcon, an audio mixer set that modifies tracks and makes everyone jam to the tunes. The mixer also has a visualizer whose waves sync with the audio being played.

The user is welcomed with this screen:

You can then choose a song from the list to mix:

Then you rotate the knobs on the mixer to shake things up!

The Process:

There are two parts to this code – the p5js part and the Arduino part.

Components Used:

      Arduino UNO board

      Breadboard

      Rotary Potentiometers (2)

      Push down Switch (1)

     Resistors

      Jumper Wires

Apps and Online Services:

       Arduino IDE

        p5js

 

The Process:

We started the project by drawing out everything first in a notebook. Here’s the very first (very rough) sketch of our idea:

Daniel decided to work on the interface for the mixer while QM was going to put together the circuit and the hardware. After setting up the basic circuit on the breadboard and building a very basic interface with buttons on p5js, we had to connect the both.

We then incorporated the p5js sound library in our p5 code. We used the built in reverb, delay, frequency functions and tested those out together by uploading an mp3 file on p5js. It was all working fine. We had to then figure out how to take values from the potentiometer, map them, and use them as arguments for the sound functions.

But before that, we had to write code for reading the values from the pin. QM got to writing the code for the Arduino IDE while Daniel got to figuring out how to take those inputs in p5js. This is where we hit our first roadblock. We just could not figure out the correct p5js library for serial communication and also couldn’t figure out how to separate the values we got from the potentiometer and store them in variables. With a little help from Professor Ang, we finally figured out the right library and used a list to store our values from where we used split() and trim() function to separate the values from each input. This is the bit of code that helped us do it:

function serialEvent() {
  if (serial.available() > 0) {
    serialData = serial.readLine();
    if (serialData) {
      // false if serialData == null
      console.log(serialData);

      serialData = trim(serialData); // remove trailing whitespace
      serialValues = split(serialData, ","); // split the string to array
      console.log("serialValues ", serialValues);

      rev_value = Number(serialValues[0]);
      console.log("Rev: " + rev_value);

      rate_value = Number(serialValues[1]);
      console.log("Rate: " + rate_value);

      play_value = Number(serialValues[2]);
      console.log("Play/pause: " + play_value);

      standby_value = Number(serialValues[3]);
      console.log("Standby: " + standby_value);

      rev_mapped = map(rev_value, 0, 1023, 0, 100);
      rate_mapped = map(rate_value, 0, 1023, 0, 200);

      console.log("rev mapped: " + rev_mapped);
      console.log("rate mapped: " + rate_mapped);
    }
  }
}

It’s also worth mentioning that some of the code for the serial connection were reusable code snippets written by Professor Sherwood and Ang from class examples.

This is how our board looked:

Once we connected the Arduino board and had the serial connection going, it was now time to map the values to fit into the arguments. Daniel, being a Music major, had a pretty solid grip on the ranges for the different music functions like the dryness and wetness of reverb and had a good understanding of how our random values would translate to what we hear (QM also ended up learning a fair bit about music at this point from Daniel).

But even then, it wasn’t smooth sailing. Although we had an understanding of the values, p5 was playing its sly tricks with us with the inner working (or should I say, inner loopings!) of the draw() function causing a haphazard in the music where multiple tracks were playing by overlapping each other and it sounded more like a cacophony than a vibey night at a club.

One evening, after working for more than 5 hours continuously trying to solve these, we decided to call it a night and come back the next day.

Maybe sleeping on the bugs helped, because the next day, after the both of us worked simultaneously on our own laptops trying to fix the bugs, QM had a slight hint of a breakthrough when one of the buttons successfully paused the music without looping. Still it wouldn’t make it play again.

But then…(drumrolls) a moment of genius from Daniel and some tweaking of the code and suddenly everything worked! Words fail to describe how victorious we felt at that moment:

Now it was time to put everything together. QM, with a noob-level experience in soldering decided to solder the board together and Daniel would give a finishing touch to the interface, incorporating a dope background, cool fonts and a cleaner look. Here’s some of that scrappy soldering work:

And here’s Daniel’s work on the interface:

We were both happy with the font and the look of the mixer and the DJ Falcon mixer was ready.

The Schematic:

Code: Arduino IDE

const int switchPin1 = 2;
const int switchPin2 = 3;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(switchPin1, INPUT); // initialize serial communications
  pinMode(switchPin2, INPUT);
}
 
void loop() {
  // read the input pin:
  int pot = analogRead(A0); 
  int mappedPot = map(pot, 0, 1023, 0, 255);
  Serial.print(pot);
  Serial.print(",");

  int potRev = analogRead(A1);
  int mappedtest = map(potRev, 0, 1023, 0, 255); 
  Serial.print(potRev);
  Serial.print(",");

  int button1 = digitalRead(switchPin1);
  int button2 = digitalRead(switchPin2);
  Serial.print(button1);
  Serial.print(",");
  Serial.println(button2);

  delay(1);


  delay(100);                                            
}

Code for p5js:

Improvements:

We had more ambitious ideas in mind like using the delay() feature and a standby button but those were causing bugs due to the draw() function of p5js, but we’re sure these can be implemented in the future.

 

Project Overview:

The three of us collectively decided to make something similar to an arcade machine as it was a very exciting part of our childhoods. Therefore, the project is a collection of three games that are designed to be played using an Arduino controller. The games include Flappy Bird, a popular mobile game in which the player controls a bird and navigates through obstacles; Racing Game, in which the player controls a race car and avoids colliding with the randomly generated cars as the race car overtakes them; and Space Invaders, a classic arcade game in which the player controls a spaceship and fights against invading aliens.

Arduino to P5js communication:

int button = 2;
int pot = A0;
int lastPotValue;
int lastbutton;
 
long previousmill = 0;
long timebutton = 500;
 
void setup() {
  // put your setup code here, to run once:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(button, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(pot, INPUT);
}
 
int getpot(){
  int potValue = analogRead(pot)/255  ;
  int temp;
  if(potValue == 2 || potValue == 1){
    temp = 1;
  }else if(potValue == 3 || potValue == 4){
    temp = 2;
  }else{
    temp = 0;
  }
  return temp;
}
 
void loop() {
  int potValue = getpot();
  int buttonState = !digitalRead(button);
  long currentmill = millis();
 
  Serial.println(String(buttonState) + "," + String(potValue));
  
  if(buttonState == 1 && currentmill - previousmill >= timebutton){
    previousmill = currentmill;
   
 
    lastbutton = buttonState;
  }
}

We implemented this using the web serial. Here is how it briefly works: 

1.       The user connects an Arduino board to their computer using a USB cable. 
2.       The user writes and uploads a sketch (see above for the code) to the Arduino board that defines the behavior of the board and the data that it will send to the computer. 
3.     The user opens a P5.js sketch in their web browser and includes the p5.webserial.js library in their code. 
4.       The user adds event listeners to their P5.js sketch that will be called when the user connects or disconnects from the Arduino board, when the Arduino board is ready to be connected to, when there is an error communicating with the Arduino board, or when data is received from the Arduino board. 
5.       The user calls the getPorts() method of the p5.WebSerial object to check for any available Arduino boards. If an Arduino board is available, the portavailable event listener is called, which can be used to open a connection to the Arduino board. 
6.       Once the connection to the Arduino board is established, the user can send data to the Arduino board using the send() method of the p5.WebSerial object. The user can also receive data from the Arduino board using the data event listener, which is called whenever data is received from the Arduino board. 
7.       The user can use the received data from the Arduino board to control the behavior and appearance of their P5.js sketch. The user can also send data from the P5.js sketch to the Arduino board to control the behavior of the Arduino board. 
8.       When the user is finished using the Arduino board, they can close the connection to the board using the close() method of the p5.WebSerial object.

Flappy Bird:

Code:

function restart(){
  menu = 0;
  bird = new Bird(WIDTH / 2, HEIGHT / 2, 30);
  pipes = new Pipes(60, 200, 130);
  SCORE = 0;
  SCROLL_SPEED = 4;
  lives = 5;
}

function getRndInteger(min, max) {
  // https://www.w3schools.com/js/js_random.asp
  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min)) + min;
}


function StartGame(){
  background(bg);
  fill("#7cfc00");
  rect(0, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT, WIDTH, HEIGHT);

  bird.draw();
  bird.update();
  bird.checkDeath(pipes);
  
  pipes.update();
  pipes.drawPipes();

  fill(255);
  textSize(60);
  textAlign(CENTER);
  text(SCORE, WIDTH / 9, HEIGHT / 7);
  textSize(30);
  text("lives: "+lives,WIDTH - WIDTH / 4, HEIGHT / 9);
  textAlign(CORNER);
}


class Bird {
  constructor(x, y, size) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    this.size = size;
    this.vely = 0;
  }

  draw() {
    //fill("#eaff00");
    //circle(this.x+112.5, this.y-112.5, this.size);
    image(b,this.x-this.size, this.y-this.size,this.size, this.size);
    //image("cow.jpg",this.x, this,y);
  }

  update() {
    this.y += this.vely;
    this.vely = lerp(this.vely, GRAVITY, 0.05);
    this.y = Math.max(this.size / 2, Math.min(this.y, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.size / 2));
  }

  flap() {
    this.vely = -JUMP_HEIGHT;
    jump.play();
  }

  checkDeath(pipes) {
    for (var pipe of pipes.pipes_list) {
      if (this.x + this.size / 2 > pipe.x && pipe.height && this.x - this.size / 2 < pipe.x + pipes.width) {
        if (this.y - this.size / 2 <= pipe.height || this.y + this.size / 2 >= pipe.height + pipes.gap) {          
          // window.location.reload();
          lives--;
          oof.play();
          if(lives === 0){
              // losing1.play();
              // restart(); 
              // break;
            window.location.reload();
          }
          pipes.pipes_list.splice(pipes.pipes_list.indexOf(pipe),1);
          pipes.retq();
          
        }
      }
      if (this.x - this.size / 2 > pipe.x + pipes.width && pipe.scored == false) {
        SCORE += 1;
        pipe.scored = true;
      }
    }
  }
}


class Pipes {
  constructor(width, frequency, gap) {
    this.width = width;
    this.frequency = frequency;
    this.gap = gap;

    this.pipes_list = [
      { x: 500, height: getRndInteger(this.gap, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.gap), scored: false },
      { x: 500 + this.width + this.frequency, height: getRndInteger(this.gap, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.gap), scored: false }
    ];
  }

  update() {   
    for (var pipe of this.pipes_list) {
      pipe.x -= SCROLL_SPEED;
      if (pipe.x + this.width <= 0) {
        pipe.x = WIDTH;
        pipe.height = getRndInteger(this.gap, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.gap - this.gap);
        pipe.scored = false;
      }
    }
  }
  
  retq(){
    this.pipes_list = [
      { x: 500, height: getRndInteger(this.gap, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.gap), scored: false },
      { x: 500 + this.width + this.frequency, height: getRndInteger(this.gap, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT - this.gap), scored: false }
    ];
  
  }

  drawPipes() {
    fill((0),(150),(0));
    for (var pipe of this.pipes_list) {
      rect(pipe.x, 0, this.width, pipe.height);
      rect(pipe.x, HEIGHT - GROUND_HEIGHT, this.width, -HEIGHT + pipe.height + GROUND_HEIGHT + this.gap);
    }
  }

}

The getRndInteger() function is a helper function that returns a random integer between two given values. This function is used to randomly generate the heights of the pipes in the game. The Bird and Pipes classes define the objects that appear in the game. The Bird class has a draw() method that is used to draw the bird on the screen, an update() method that is used to update the bird’s position and velocity, a flap() method that causes the bird to jump upwards, and a checkDeath() method that checks if the bird has collided with any of the pipes and ends the game if necessary. The Pipes class has an update() method that updates the positions of the pipes and a drawPipes() method that draws the pipes on the screen. Overall, the code defines a simple game in which the player controls a bird and must avoid colliding with pipes by jumping over them. The game keeps track of the player’s score and ends if the bird hits a pipe. 

Racing Game:

The generateCars() function is used to randomly generate cars that appear on the screen and the displayCars() function is used to draw the cars on the screen. The displayScore() function is used to display the player’s current score on the screen. The potentiometer returns three readings: 0,1, and 2 based on the positioning. Based on the number being returned by the potentiometer – we handle the car movement. 

Space Invaders:

function startPage(){
  textSize(27);
  fill(250);
  text("Space invador",27,250);
  textSize(15);
  text("press enter to start",52,290);
}

function removeRocks(){
  rocks.splice(0,rocks.length);
  rocksctr = 0;
}



function displaybullets(){
    for(let i = 0; i < bullets.length; i++){
      bullets[i].display();
      
      if(bullets[i].y < 0){
        bullets.splice(i,1);
        numBullets--;
      }
      
    }
  // console.log(numBullets);
}

function generaterocks(){
  let rand = int(random(0, 100));
  let rand2 = int(random(0, 100));
  if(rand % 7 == 0){
    if(rand2 % 3 == 0){
      if(rand2 % 2 == 0 && rand % 2 == 0){
          rocks[rocksctr] = new boulders();
          rocks[rocksctr].display();
          // console.log(rocksctr);
          rocksctr++;
        }
     }
  }
}

function displayrocks(){
  for(let i = 0; i < rocks.length; i++){
    rocks[i].display();
    // console.log(">",rocks.length);
    
    let temp = false;
    for(let j = 0; j < bullets.length; j++){
      if(bullets[j].didcollide(rocks[i])){
        temp = true;
        bullets.splice(i,1);
        numBullets--;
      }
    }
    
    if(mainship.didcollide(rocks[i])){
      rocks.splice(i,1);
      rocksctr--;
      gamestatus = "end";
      bomb.play();
      losing1.play();
      
    }else if(rocks[i].y > height || temp){
      rocks.splice(i,1);
      rocksctr--;
    }
  }
}
 var timechecker = 0.5;

function makebullet(x,y){
  bullets[numBullets] = new bulletClass(x,y);
  bullets[numBullets].display();
  numBullets++;
} 

Game Controls

Flappy Bird: Use the button on the arduino or the UP key to jump.

Racing Game: Use the potentiometer or left and right keys to control the car’s steering.

Space Invaders: Use the potentiometers or left and right keys to control the spaceship’s movement and button or UP key to fire lasers.

 

Conclusion 

This project demonstrates how to create and play games using p5.js and Arduino. The project includes three games that can be controlled using potentiometers and push buttons, and can be easily extended to include additional games and custom controller designs. We’re particularly proud of the aesthetics of the games – we were able to recreate what we initally had in mind. Furthermore, we had a lot of bugs which wouldn’t let the games run smoothly. We figured out how to implement the games smoothly by making changes in our algorithms and by handling specific types of errors which were mostly given by the arduino board. However, there is no proper restart function for flappy bird – if you lose, the canvas simply starts from scratch.

My contribution to the project was coding the flappy bird game, handling errors, debugging, and the documentation.  

ORIGINAL CONCEPT

Our original idea was to create a set of friendship touch-lamps, where two lamps would be able to “communicate” with each other with the tap of a finger. Using p5 as our “remote controller”, each party would be able to choose the settings of the light they would like to send, ie. the color and the light patten. We wanted to include wireless communication in our project to stick with the vision that any two users, regardless of time, location, and proximity, would be able to communicate with that special someone through something that was visually compelling, and that the simple act of  sending lights to one another might foster some other type of communication.

IMPLEMENTATION

We believe that we stuck relatively closely to our original proposal, except that due to time and challenges with serial communication, we were not able to achieve this dual communication between two Arduino devices. Hence, although we were not able to achieve interaction from user to user, we were able to achieve interaction between user, lamp, and computer.

The conversation begins with the user interacting with p5. As mentioned above, our p5.js sketch acts as the “controller” of the lamp, providing animations and small game elements that make the programming more interesting. For example, in the second scene of the sketch, the user sees a heart flashing different colors in the center of the screen and is instructed to press the keyboard when the heart flickers to a color of their liking:

Additionally, in the following screen, the sketch displays 3 different light modes to choose from: flicker, wave, and pulse. above those 3 buttons is a corresponding icon that animates that is made to mimic the specific light mode:

Throughout the p5 program, data about the user’s choices are held in three important variables: picker.color, lightMode, and inData. picker.color is an instance variable of the colorPicker class, which was coded to build the flashing heart described above. It is initially set to a null value and is set once the user presses any key to choose their color. Similarly, lightMode is a variable made to hold an integer of 0, 1, or 2 which correspond to flicker, wave, and pulse respectfully. Initially set to a null value, it becomes set when the user presses the flicker, wave, or pulse button in the screen described above. We chose to have lightMode hold an integer, though it is more confusing the the reader, makes it easier to send it as serial data. The inData variable contains the data sent from Arduino through the serial.read() function, and sends a 0 or 1, depending on whether the touch sensor on the lamp has been touched or not touched. This code from Arduino is shown below:

touched = digitalRead(TOUCH_SENSOR); 
  if ((touched == 1) && (sensorState == LOW)) { 
    sensorState = HIGH;
    Serial.write(sensorState); 
  } 

  if ((touched == 0) && (sensorState == HIGH)) { 
    sensorState = LOW;
}

Finally, the conversation shifts between user-computer to user-lamp in the last screen of the p5 program (shown below), where it asks the user to touch the lamp in order to let p5.js know that it is “ready” to send the data to Arduino — “ready” meaning that inData is 1, the lightMode has been set, and picker.color has been set. The code that sends the serial data is also shown below:

if (inData == 1) { 
  // console.log('the color you chose:', colorValue); 
  // console.log('the light mode you chose:', lightMode);
  console.log(inData); 
  let r = red(picker.color); 
  let g = green(picker.color); 
  let b = blue(picker.color);
  
  
  let sendToArduino = r + "," + g + "," + b + "," + lightMode + "\n";
  serial.write(sendToArduino);

Once the data is sent, the “control” of the entire system is handed over to our Arduino code, which is the code that actually displays the lights, completing the final part of the user-lamp conversation. First, after reading the data from p5, it parses the data and organizes it into variables that hold the red, green, and blue color values, as well as the light mode, similar to how it is organized in p5:

while(Serial.available()){
  sensorState = LOW; 
  R = Serial.parseInt();
  G = Serial.parseInt();
  B = Serial.parseInt();
  //lightMode = Serial.read();
  lightMode = Serial.parseInt();

  if(Serial.read() == '\n'){
    Serial.write(0);
  }
}

Then, it uses those variables to create the different light modes (described in more detail in the previous posts):

  if (lightMode == 2){
  // WAVY
  //turn pixels to green one by one with delay between each pixel
  for (int pixel = 0; pixel < NUM_PIXELS; pixel++) { // for each pixel
    NeoPixel.setPixelColor(pixel, NeoPixel.Color(R, G, B)); // it only takes effect if pixels.show() is called
  
    NeoPixel.show();   // send the updated pixel colors to the NeoPixel hardware.
    NeoPixel.clear();
    
    delay(100); // pause between each pixel
  }

  // turn off all pixels for two seconds
  NeoPixel.clear();
  NeoPixel.show(); // send the updated pixel colors to the NeoPixel hardware.
  delay(10);     // off time
}

if (lightMode == 1) { 
// FLICKERING:
  //turn on all pixels to red at the same time for two seconds
  for (int pixel = 0; pixel < NUM_PIXELS; pixel++) { // for each pixel
    NeoPixel.setPixelColor(pixel, NeoPixel.Color(R, G, B)); // it only takes effect if pixels.show() is called
  }
  NeoPixel.show(); // send the updated pixel colors to the NeoPixel hardware.th
  delay(1000);     // on time

  // turn off all pixels for two secondse
  NeoPixel.clear();
  NeoPixel.show(); // send the updated pixel colors to the NeoPixel hardware.
  delay(500);     // off time
}

if (lightMode == 3){
  //PULSING   
  uint16_t j;

  for (j = 0; j < 255; j++) {
    for (int pixel= 0; pixel < NUM_PIXELS; pixel++) {
      NeoPixel.setPixelColor(pixel, R, G, B);
      NeoPixel.setBrightness(j); 
    }
    NeoPixel.show();
    delay(20);
  }

  for (j = 255; j > 0; j--) {
    for (int pixel = 0; pixel < NUM_PIXELS; pixel++) {
      NeoPixel.setPixelColor(pixel, R, G, B);
      NeoPixel.setBrightness(j); 
      }
    NeoPixel.show();
    delay(20);
    Serial.println(j);
    }
  delay(100);
  //make sure to set all pixels back to full brightness for the other modes 
   for (int pixel = 0; pixel < NUM_PIXELS; pixel++) { 
    NeoPixel.setBrightness(255); 
  }
}

Note that once the lights are displayed, the data being written out to p5 is that the lamp is not-touched and is ready for the next round of data to be collected from p5. The user has the option to stop there, or can repeat the “cycle” as many times they wish by clicking the “send another” button in p5.

WHAT WE’RE PROUD OF

Something we like about our system that we think enhances the experience is the attention to detail and aesthetic of the p5 sketch. We chose the name “Distance makes the Heart and Glow Fonder” because it is not only a cute play on words, but also keeps with our neon theme. We also wanted all of our text and images to have flickering effect and a glowing effect (reference:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iIWH3IUYHzM) to mimic real life neon signs and lights. Also, we felt that adding animations to the screen that shows the light modes not only made it more visually compelling but more intuitive for the user, given that the instructions of the program are minimal.

Though none of us have much experience with building, we wanted to push ourselves beyond the Arduino board we were given and try our best to make a lamp that didn’t look so obviously “Arduino”. Overall we are very happy with how it turned out, considering the time and resources we had. Everything we used to build it was made out of scrap materials found in the lab, and each part of the lamp is detachable by velcro, making it extremely easy to access the wiring and adjust things if needed.

FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS

In terms of the physical lamp, it would be nice to completely cover the wiring at the bottom with more acrylic panels. Perhaps remaking it using a different glue will also help get rid of the fogging happening on the current model.

In terms of our code, we would like to carry out our initial vision and create two lamps that can communicate with each other, and perhaps even have them communicate wirelessly.

DEMO

Below are some demo videos of our project:

Contribution to the project:

– I spent time working on the serial communication used to transmit messages from p5js to the Arduino.

– I spent time working on the Arduino code in implementing the various modes of light of the lamp.

– Worked together in constructing the lamp

– Worked together to document and compile the blog posts

– Worked together on bugs and last minute challenges

My goal is to use AI to control an arduino robot. By using a machine learning module called handsfree.js, I was able to make the bot move.

The handsfree.js machine learning module identifies two hands through a video feed. It can also predict the position and motion of the fingers and thumb. Using the position of the hands, I implemented several postures that present forward, backward, left and right. Pinching your right and left index fingers with the thumb also increases and reduces the speed of the wheels.

The movements are implemented on an imaginary four quadrant grid. Taking the cartesian plane as an example, to move the robot forward your right hand has to be in the first quadrant and your left hand in the third quadrant. For backward motion your left hand should be in the second quadrant and your right hand in the fourth quadrant. left movement, both hands should be in the left half of the plane and same for right movement.

Take the right hand as colored yellow and left hand as colored green. Then the movements are illustrated below:

Forward:

Backward:

Left:

Right:

User testing video demo:

Screen demo and hand gestures:

 

The project name is MetaDrive and the idea is to create an arduino robot which is controlled by AI in p5js.

The arduino robot these components:

• • 4 DC motors
  • 1 ultrasonic sensor
  • 1 buzzer
  • 2 LEDs

The AI is a machine learning module that tracks hand movements and poses. The module is called handsfree.js and it was developed in javascript.

How the robot looks now: